The behavior of substances in solutions may not be adequately characterized by the effect of any single physicochemical parameter of solvents; nor are numerous semi-empirical scales of the solvent effect (their acirc;euro;tilde;polarityacirc;euro;trade;) suitable for their limited selections only. In recent decades; it has been found that the variation of reaction rate constants in solutions or that spectral parameters of dissolved substances are determined by the total effect of different solvation processes. This monograph presents numerous examples of such an approach and characterizes various empirical and semi-empirical scales of solvent properties. It is shown that additional consideration of some structural parameters of solvents; namely; their cohesive energy and the molar volume; may provide for spreading this approach on homolytical and catalytic reaction. It is also shown that for the solvolysis reaction; one of the excessive reagents may represent either a reagent or a solvent; which requires additional consideration of its structural characteristics in the Hammeth equation.The application of the principle of free energy linearity also allowed adequate generalization of data on the effect of solvents on different physicochemical processes; such as dissolution of gases and solids in various solvents; swelling of polymers and solid fossil fuels; coal extraction; adsorption; absorption; diffusion; and chromatography. Special attention is paid to substance distribution between two immiscible phases. Properties of both an extractive phase and an active extractant dissolved in inert diluter are taken into account. The majority of these processes indicate the efficiency of solvent self-association factor that defines the energy consumption for formation of a void for an alien molecule injection.
#370270 in eBooks 2013-04-02 2013-04-02File Name: B00B3VOTUW
Review
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. Hated the book if you are already somewhat Pro it is a waste of moneyBy Kims Connection PhotographyIt has way too much about equipment and not enough about how to take the shots or to how stage the shot to make the interior look good.. I work as a professional real estate photographer and thought maybe I could learn something from this book plus it was required by my company to read. I would not recommend this book and as for his examples they are not up to par as a professional.If you are not a professional but want to learn how to take pictures using the manual settings on your camera I would suggest reading "Lighting" by Chris Bucher and "Understanding Exposure" by Byran Peterson; and of course "The Digital Photography Book" by Scott Kelby . The books may seem kind of mind boggling if you have not used the manual features on your camera; but as you practice more and more it will become second nature and you and your camera will become one. These were the books that helped me get started Professionally.Another thing that will help you take great pictures is look at the world as if you were a child or trying to describe what you see to someone who cannot see or phantom what you see. Get up close and down in the dirt to see things in a new perspective and you will notice a huge improvement in your shots.0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Short and CondensedBy Michael Lesa YoungOut of all the Architectural Photography Books I have had over the years this one will be a keeper. It focuses on its title; digital. All the aspects of the discipline is viewed from a digital perspective no pun intended here. Its not going to teach you to use the view camera so buy Stroebels book for that. It will cover all the formats and the elements for picking one over the other. It will go through the digital process. Good book. Michael;Houston; TX y2photo.net0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Fair read but not spectacularBy RFrankoIts okay but there are better books out there for sure.